Gamelan orchestra
Gamelan music is the most popular and important kind in Indonesia. Gamelan orchestras accompany all dances and dramas. Gamel means 'to hammer', and most of the instruments of a gamelan orchestra are struck with wooden mallets, padded sticks or hammers.The conductor of a gamelan orchestra is a drummer who is part of the orchestra.
Instruments of a gamelan orchestra
A complete orchestra could have about 40 or more different instruments. There would be instruments that are struck to produce sound, such as kettledrums, xylophones, and gongs of various sizes. There would be a wind instrument, a bamboo flute called a suling, and string instruments such as a zither or lute. There would be instruments whose sounds are produced by vibration, such as drums, bells, cymbals and gongs.
There are also two sets of instruments that are tonal: the slendro tuned to five tones and the pelog, tuned to seven tones. The slendro is used to suggest festivity or cheerfulness, and is believed to have developed in Java in the eighth century. The pelog is used to express sadness, and is also very ancient in its origins. These two cannot be played together, but are used according to the mood of the piece being played.
Gamelan music
Gamelan music is complicated. It is an ancient form of music and has been handed down for many generations, never written down, but learned by being played. Gamelan is an essential part of Indonesian life. It is slightly different from island to island.
Angklung music
Another popular form of orchestral music is the angklung, which is played on instruments made entirely of bamboo of different lengths. Each instrument is made up of two bamboo tubes, each of a different note. The instruments are shaken to produce sound.
Rabu, 11 Mei 2011
batik and ikat
Batik
Batik making, practiced almost exclusively on Java, involves a complex wax-resistance process in which all parts of a cloth that are not to be dyed are coated on both sides with wax before the cloth is dipped into the dye. Using a penlike wax holder called a canting, it is possible to create intricate and elaborate designs. It is a time-consuming process, and those batik fabrics that are made entirely by hand take several weeks to complete. Much modern batik is made using copper stamps (caps) to apply the wax, thereby greatly speeding up the process and lowering the cost.
Ikat
On woven fabric, which is made everywhere from Sumatra through the eastern islands, the most characteristic element is the key-shaped figure combined with other geometric figures. The rhombus (an equilateral parallelogram usually having oblique angles) frequently occurs together with straight lines, equilateral triangles, squares, or circles, which permits an enormous number of variations, including stylized representations of human beings and animals. Each island or region has its characteristic patterns, which serve to identify the area in which the cloth is made.
The art of weaving is highly developed. It includes the famous ikat method, in which the thread is dyed selectively before weaving by binding fibres around groups of threads so that they will not take up colour when the thread is dipped in the dyebath. This process may be applied to the warp, which is most common and is found in Sumatra, Borneo, and Sumba. Weft ikat is found mainly in south Sumatra, and the complex process of double ikat is still carried on in Tenganan in Bali, where such cloth has great ceremonial significance.
The National Museum in Jakarta has an extensive collection of Indonesian carvings, textiles, and artifacts; in addition, it contains models of traditional houses and villages from various parts of the country. The Jakarta Museum displays historic material of the city. There are a number of other museums throughout the country, the most notable of which are the Radya Pustaka in Surakarta (Solo, or Sala) in central Java, the Museum Bali in Denpasar, and the Ratna Warta Fine Arts Museum in Ubud in Bali. The Presidential Palace in Bogor, which has a fine collection of Indonesian art, is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens.
Batik making, practiced almost exclusively on Java, involves a complex wax-resistance process in which all parts of a cloth that are not to be dyed are coated on both sides with wax before the cloth is dipped into the dye. Using a penlike wax holder called a canting, it is possible to create intricate and elaborate designs. It is a time-consuming process, and those batik fabrics that are made entirely by hand take several weeks to complete. Much modern batik is made using copper stamps (caps) to apply the wax, thereby greatly speeding up the process and lowering the cost.
Ikat
On woven fabric, which is made everywhere from Sumatra through the eastern islands, the most characteristic element is the key-shaped figure combined with other geometric figures. The rhombus (an equilateral parallelogram usually having oblique angles) frequently occurs together with straight lines, equilateral triangles, squares, or circles, which permits an enormous number of variations, including stylized representations of human beings and animals. Each island or region has its characteristic patterns, which serve to identify the area in which the cloth is made.
The art of weaving is highly developed. It includes the famous ikat method, in which the thread is dyed selectively before weaving by binding fibres around groups of threads so that they will not take up colour when the thread is dipped in the dyebath. This process may be applied to the warp, which is most common and is found in Sumatra, Borneo, and Sumba. Weft ikat is found mainly in south Sumatra, and the complex process of double ikat is still carried on in Tenganan in Bali, where such cloth has great ceremonial significance.
The National Museum in Jakarta has an extensive collection of Indonesian carvings, textiles, and artifacts; in addition, it contains models of traditional houses and villages from various parts of the country. The Jakarta Museum displays historic material of the city. There are a number of other museums throughout the country, the most notable of which are the Radya Pustaka in Surakarta (Solo, or Sala) in central Java, the Museum Bali in Denpasar, and the Ratna Warta Fine Arts Museum in Ubud in Bali. The Presidential Palace in Bogor, which has a fine collection of Indonesian art, is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens.
INDONESIAN FOOD FOR RELIGIOUS AND HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS
Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, and Hinduism are the five religions officially recognized by the Indonesian government. The vast majority (approximately 87 percent) adheres to Islam, giving Indonesia one of the largest percentages of Muslims in the world.
Islam is the predominant religion throughout the country, maintaining five of the twelve national holidays. Puasa (Ramadan), a month-long observance of fasting and celebration, is the most important time of the year for Muslims. During Puasa , families rise as early as 3 A.M. to consume as much food as possible before
dawn. The fast is broken every day after sunset, when groups come together for a large feast. Lebaran (also called Hari Raya or Eid al-Fitri ) marks the end of Puasa , as well as the return of regular eating habits. Among family and friends, Muslims often prepare ketupat , blocks of rice cooked in coconut or palm leaves. Cake and cookies are served with a seemingly bottomless pot of tea.
Selamatan is a uniquely Indonesian tradition. The custom of praying to a God before a significant event (such as marriage or building a new house) is still practiced by most. Following the prayer (and at the kickoff of most major events throughout the country), tumpeng , a cone-shaped mountain of steamed yellow rice, is sliced at the top and served.
Hari Raya Nyepi , the Hindu New Year (also known as the Hindu Day of Silence), is most elaborately celebrated on Bali, home to the greatest Indonesian Hindu population. On New Year's Eve, food is prepared for the following day (particularly homemade pastries and sweetmeats) when Hindus refrain from all activities, including food preparation. Streets are deserted and tourists are often not allowed to leave their hotel.
Secular (nonreligious) holidays offer more reasons to indulge in celebratory feasts. The most popular is Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan (Independence Day), celebrating Indonesia's independence from Holland on August 17, 1945. One of the most spirited observances takes place in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital. The city and its citizens prepare for the festivities several weeks ahead of time. Money is raised for contests such as the krupuk udang (shrimp crackers)eating children's contests and the women's baking contest, which is usually an attempt to make the largest tumpeng .
The memory of Raden Kartini, Indonesia's first woman emancipationist, is celebrated every April 21. In her honor, traditional family roles are reversed on this day, leaving the responsibility of cooking and housecleaning to fathers and children.
A Typical Independence Day Menu
Gado-gado , steamed vegetables in peanut sauce
Sate , marinated meat or fish kebabs
Roti , Indonesian sweet bread
Nasi tumpeng , ceremonial cone-shaped steamed yellow rice ( nasi kuning )
Krupuk udang , shrimp-flavored cracker snacks
Pisang goreng , fried banana cakes
The halia , hot ginger tea
Islam is the predominant religion throughout the country, maintaining five of the twelve national holidays. Puasa (Ramadan), a month-long observance of fasting and celebration, is the most important time of the year for Muslims. During Puasa , families rise as early as 3 A.M. to consume as much food as possible before
dawn. The fast is broken every day after sunset, when groups come together for a large feast. Lebaran (also called Hari Raya or Eid al-Fitri ) marks the end of Puasa , as well as the return of regular eating habits. Among family and friends, Muslims often prepare ketupat , blocks of rice cooked in coconut or palm leaves. Cake and cookies are served with a seemingly bottomless pot of tea.
Selamatan is a uniquely Indonesian tradition. The custom of praying to a God before a significant event (such as marriage or building a new house) is still practiced by most. Following the prayer (and at the kickoff of most major events throughout the country), tumpeng , a cone-shaped mountain of steamed yellow rice, is sliced at the top and served.
Hari Raya Nyepi , the Hindu New Year (also known as the Hindu Day of Silence), is most elaborately celebrated on Bali, home to the greatest Indonesian Hindu population. On New Year's Eve, food is prepared for the following day (particularly homemade pastries and sweetmeats) when Hindus refrain from all activities, including food preparation. Streets are deserted and tourists are often not allowed to leave their hotel.
Secular (nonreligious) holidays offer more reasons to indulge in celebratory feasts. The most popular is Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan (Independence Day), celebrating Indonesia's independence from Holland on August 17, 1945. One of the most spirited observances takes place in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital. The city and its citizens prepare for the festivities several weeks ahead of time. Money is raised for contests such as the krupuk udang (shrimp crackers)eating children's contests and the women's baking contest, which is usually an attempt to make the largest tumpeng .
The memory of Raden Kartini, Indonesia's first woman emancipationist, is celebrated every April 21. In her honor, traditional family roles are reversed on this day, leaving the responsibility of cooking and housecleaning to fathers and children.
A Typical Independence Day Menu
Gado-gado , steamed vegetables in peanut sauce
Sate , marinated meat or fish kebabs
Roti , Indonesian sweet bread
Nasi tumpeng , ceremonial cone-shaped steamed yellow rice ( nasi kuning )
Krupuk udang , shrimp-flavored cracker snacks
Pisang goreng , fried banana cakes
The halia , hot ginger tea
Traditional Japanese Food to Eat When We Have a Cold
What do you eat if you feel like you are catching a cold? The most comforting food for people in western countries might be a bowl of chicken soup.
In Japan, negi (green onion) and ginger are said to keep our bodies warm and are often consumed. Here are some traditional Japanese food/drinks we often have when we feel like we are catching a cold.
1. Tamagozake (egg and sake)
Tamago-zake contains Japanese sake (alcohol drink) and eggs, and it keeps the body warm. .
2. O-kayu (rice porridge)
O-kayu is the most common "sick food" in Japan. O-kayu is easy to digest and is easy to eat. Add various ingredients, such as vegetables, egg, and meat, depending on your appetite.
3. Shoga-yu (hot ginger drink)
Mix 2 tsp of grated ginger and 2 tsp of sugar in a cup, and pour 2/3 cup of hot water in the cup. Use fresh ginger root to make shogayu.
4. Negi-miso-yu (hot green onion drink)
Put 2 tsp of miso and 1 Tbsp chopped green onion in a soup cup, and pour 2/3 cup of boiled water in the cup. It's hot, so let it cool for a bit.
5. Tori Zosui
Torizosui is a kind of Japanese rice soup. Usually, leftover steamed rice is simmered in dashi soup. Torizosui is a zosui with chicken.
6. Amazake
Amazake is a thick drink which is traditionally made by allowing a mixture of steamed rice and rice koji to ferment.
In Japan, negi (green onion) and ginger are said to keep our bodies warm and are often consumed. Here are some traditional Japanese food/drinks we often have when we feel like we are catching a cold.
1. Tamagozake (egg and sake)
Tamago-zake contains Japanese sake (alcohol drink) and eggs, and it keeps the body warm. .
2. O-kayu (rice porridge)
O-kayu is the most common "sick food" in Japan. O-kayu is easy to digest and is easy to eat. Add various ingredients, such as vegetables, egg, and meat, depending on your appetite.
3. Shoga-yu (hot ginger drink)
Mix 2 tsp of grated ginger and 2 tsp of sugar in a cup, and pour 2/3 cup of hot water in the cup. Use fresh ginger root to make shogayu.
4. Negi-miso-yu (hot green onion drink)
Put 2 tsp of miso and 1 Tbsp chopped green onion in a soup cup, and pour 2/3 cup of boiled water in the cup. It's hot, so let it cool for a bit.
5. Tori Zosui
Torizosui is a kind of Japanese rice soup. Usually, leftover steamed rice is simmered in dashi soup. Torizosui is a zosui with chicken.
6. Amazake
Amazake is a thick drink which is traditionally made by allowing a mixture of steamed rice and rice koji to ferment.
Senin, 09 Mei 2011
Global Warming
Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earth’s climate: humanity
What is Global Warming?
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
How Does Today’s Warming Compare to Past Climate Change?
Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. But the current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events.
Why Do Scientists Think Current Warming Isn’t Natural?
In Earth’s history before the Industrial Revolution, Earth’s climate changed due to natural causes unrelated to human activity. These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades.
How Much More Will Earth Warm?
Models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century. Some of this warming will occur even if future greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, because the Earth system has not yet fully adjusted to environmental changes we have already made.
How Will Earth Respond to Warming Temperatures?
The impact of global warming is far greater than just increasing temperatures. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these changes are already occurring.
What is Global Warming?
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
How Does Today’s Warming Compare to Past Climate Change?
Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. But the current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events.
Why Do Scientists Think Current Warming Isn’t Natural?
In Earth’s history before the Industrial Revolution, Earth’s climate changed due to natural causes unrelated to human activity. These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades.
How Much More Will Earth Warm?
Models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century. Some of this warming will occur even if future greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, because the Earth system has not yet fully adjusted to environmental changes we have already made.
How Will Earth Respond to Warming Temperatures?
The impact of global warming is far greater than just increasing temperatures. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these changes are already occurring.
direct and indirect
Direct and Indirect
• Direct ( Kalimat Langsung )
Adalah Kalimat yang langsung di bacakan atau dikatakan seseorang secara langsung ,dan kata tersebut adalah kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan dengan “that” melainkan dengan menngunakan (tanda baca) koma.
Contoh :
a. Putri said, “ I’m happy.”
b. Cinta said, “ I haven’t a car.”
c. She said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
d. Aprila (phoning from the train), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
e. Anita says,” The sun rises every morning.”
• Indirect (kalimat tidak langsung)
Adalah kalimat yang dimana seseorang mengatakan atau melaporkan kembali ucapan keorang lain tanpamengubah maksud dan isi dari ucapan tersebut. Kalimat tersebut di hubungkan dengan “that” dan tidak mengubah waktu laporan tersebut.
Contoh :
a. Putri said, that she was sad.
b. Cinta said, that he was haven’t a car.
c. She said, that he had lost his umbrella.
d. Aprila says that he is trying to get a taxi.
e. Anita says that the sun rises every morning.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
kalimat tidak langsung biasanya diawali dengan verb lampau (past tense). Pada hal ini, verb pada reported sentence harus diganti dengan turun satu level.
• Direct ( Kalimat Langsung )
Adalah Kalimat yang langsung di bacakan atau dikatakan seseorang secara langsung ,dan kata tersebut adalah kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan dengan “that” melainkan dengan menngunakan (tanda baca) koma.
Contoh :
a. Putri said, “ I’m happy.”
b. Cinta said, “ I haven’t a car.”
c. She said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
d. Aprila (phoning from the train), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
e. Anita says,” The sun rises every morning.”
• Indirect (kalimat tidak langsung)
Adalah kalimat yang dimana seseorang mengatakan atau melaporkan kembali ucapan keorang lain tanpamengubah maksud dan isi dari ucapan tersebut. Kalimat tersebut di hubungkan dengan “that” dan tidak mengubah waktu laporan tersebut.
Contoh :
a. Putri said, that she was sad.
b. Cinta said, that he was haven’t a car.
c. She said, that he had lost his umbrella.
d. Aprila says that he is trying to get a taxi.
e. Anita says that the sun rises every morning.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
kalimat tidak langsung biasanya diawali dengan verb lampau (past tense). Pada hal ini, verb pada reported sentence harus diganti dengan turun satu level.
Kamis, 31 Maret 2011
lyrics hero - mariah cerey
There's a hero
If you look inside your heart
You don't have to be afraid
Of what you are
There's an answer
If you reach into your soul
And the sorrow that you know
Will melt away
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
It's a long road
And you face the world alone
No one reaches out a hand
for you to hold
You can find love
if you search within yourself
And the empitiness you felt
will disappear
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
Oh ho, Lord knows
dreams are hard to follow
But don't let anyone
tear them away, hey yea
Hold on
there will be tomorrow
In time, you'll find the way, hey
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
That a hero lies in you
Mmm, That a hero lies in you
If you look inside your heart
You don't have to be afraid
Of what you are
There's an answer
If you reach into your soul
And the sorrow that you know
Will melt away
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
It's a long road
And you face the world alone
No one reaches out a hand
for you to hold
You can find love
if you search within yourself
And the empitiness you felt
will disappear
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
Oh ho, Lord knows
dreams are hard to follow
But don't let anyone
tear them away, hey yea
Hold on
there will be tomorrow
In time, you'll find the way, hey
And then a hero comes along
With the strength to carry on
And you cast your fears aside
And you know you can survive
So when you feel like hope is gone
Look inside you and be strong
And you'll finally see the truth
That a hero lies in you
That a hero lies in you
Mmm, That a hero lies in you
saman dance
Aceh, a province located in the northwest Indonesia, is much influenced by the Islamic culture. Hence the traditional art such as folk songs and dances mostly represent the love and the thankful to God (Allah). One of the most famous traditional dance from Aceh is Saman dance. If the Indonesian students who study abroad are asked to perform Indonesian traditional dance, usually they perform it because the dance is very unique. ^_^
Saman, which was named from a famous Islamic figure, is also known with the name "Dance of a Thousand Hands". An ensemble of men and women, perfectly lined up in a row, their arms weaving complex patterns as the tempo quickens. From the Gayo highlands of Aceh on the island of Sumatra, the Saman dance was originally performed to celebrate noble occasions, as well as to celebrate the birth of Prophet Muhammad. It is an electrifying blend of dance and music, truly a feast for the eyes.
Saman, which was named from a famous Islamic figure, is also known with the name "Dance of a Thousand Hands". An ensemble of men and women, perfectly lined up in a row, their arms weaving complex patterns as the tempo quickens. From the Gayo highlands of Aceh on the island of Sumatra, the Saman dance was originally performed to celebrate noble occasions, as well as to celebrate the birth of Prophet Muhammad. It is an electrifying blend of dance and music, truly a feast for the eyes.
culture of north sumatra
In contrast to the small island of Bali, the province of North Sumatera is large with one of the biggest lakes in the world, Lake Toba, at its navel. The continuous mountain of Bukit Barisan, which extends from Aceh at the tip of the island of Sumatera to Lampung at the bottom of the island, guards the province on the west side, providing home for thick, tropical jungles and lush vegetations. As you go down the western mountains towards the beaches of the east, mountain streams, strong rivers, and gorgeous waterfalls will accompany you.
Relative to Bali, North Sumatera has very heterogenous ethnic groups, and thus, cultures. The people of the eastern coasts, also known as the Malays (Melayu) have markedly different traditions and culture from the Batak highlanders who live around Lake Toba and Samosir Island. Further south, the Mandailings and Angkolas, and the Island of Nias, have yet more flavors of traditions and culture.
There are many places to see in this cultural salad bowl:
Medan
The capital of the province of North Sumatera, Medan houses the government offices and business centers, effectively making it the largest city outside of the island of Java. Medan owes its cultural heritage to the kingdom of Deli, whose place of worship, Mesjid Agung (Grand Mosque), and palace, Istana Maimun (The Maimun Palace) undoubtedly show its past greatness.
Lake Toba
Lake Toba, the crater lake in the middle of the province, is a popular tourist resort, especially the town of Parapat on its shore. Its cool and dry mountain climate makes it the perfect place to relax.
The Batak Toba and Batak Simalungun people live around Parapat. The Batak people, composed of Batak Toba, Simalungun, Pak-Pak, and Karo, are known for their expression, which is often materialized in lively and sentimental love songs. If every person in Bali can carve, every person in Batak can sing or play the guitar.
The Karo highland
As you drive south from Medan into the Karo highland, the Great Bukit Barisan Forest Park greets you with its distinctive Karonese gazebo decorated with ret-ret, a two-headed, lizard-like animal that is carved on the walls of traditional Karonese family houses. Along the windy, mountainous road to the Karo highland, as you pass the Sibolangit National Garden, chants of monkeys and possibly orang-utans will accompany you, mysteriously appearing and disappearing from the thick jungle.
The town of Berastagi, located at the foot of Mount Sibayak, will greet you with its lovely flowers. The smell of fresh vegetables and the colorful and aromatic arrangements of fruit will etch their place in your memory. Try markisah (Passion Fruit)...
Sipiso-piso Waterfall and Tongging
Further south from Berastagi and Kabanjahe, the Karonese portion of Lake Toba is marked with a thin yet tall waterfall.
Nias
Island Off to the west of the island of Sumatera, the island of Nias provides another item in your cultural plate with its distinct culture. The water surrounding the island is a great place to surf and to scubadive.
Relative to Bali, North Sumatera has very heterogenous ethnic groups, and thus, cultures. The people of the eastern coasts, also known as the Malays (Melayu) have markedly different traditions and culture from the Batak highlanders who live around Lake Toba and Samosir Island. Further south, the Mandailings and Angkolas, and the Island of Nias, have yet more flavors of traditions and culture.
There are many places to see in this cultural salad bowl:
Medan
The capital of the province of North Sumatera, Medan houses the government offices and business centers, effectively making it the largest city outside of the island of Java. Medan owes its cultural heritage to the kingdom of Deli, whose place of worship, Mesjid Agung (Grand Mosque), and palace, Istana Maimun (The Maimun Palace) undoubtedly show its past greatness.
Lake Toba
Lake Toba, the crater lake in the middle of the province, is a popular tourist resort, especially the town of Parapat on its shore. Its cool and dry mountain climate makes it the perfect place to relax.
The Batak Toba and Batak Simalungun people live around Parapat. The Batak people, composed of Batak Toba, Simalungun, Pak-Pak, and Karo, are known for their expression, which is often materialized in lively and sentimental love songs. If every person in Bali can carve, every person in Batak can sing or play the guitar.
The Karo highland
As you drive south from Medan into the Karo highland, the Great Bukit Barisan Forest Park greets you with its distinctive Karonese gazebo decorated with ret-ret, a two-headed, lizard-like animal that is carved on the walls of traditional Karonese family houses. Along the windy, mountainous road to the Karo highland, as you pass the Sibolangit National Garden, chants of monkeys and possibly orang-utans will accompany you, mysteriously appearing and disappearing from the thick jungle.
The town of Berastagi, located at the foot of Mount Sibayak, will greet you with its lovely flowers. The smell of fresh vegetables and the colorful and aromatic arrangements of fruit will etch their place in your memory. Try markisah (Passion Fruit)...
Sipiso-piso Waterfall and Tongging
Further south from Berastagi and Kabanjahe, the Karonese portion of Lake Toba is marked with a thin yet tall waterfall.
Nias
Island Off to the west of the island of Sumatera, the island of Nias provides another item in your cultural plate with its distinct culture. The water surrounding the island is a great place to surf and to scubadive.
lyrics telephone - lady gaga
Hello hello baby you called
I can't hear a thing
I have got no service
In the club, you say? say?
Wha-wha-what did you say huh?
You're breakin' up on me
Sorry I cannot hear you
I'm kinda busy
K-kinda busy
K-kinda busy
Sorry I cannot hear you I'm kinda busy
Just a second
It's my favorite song they're gonna play
And I cannot text you with a drink in my hand, eh?
You shoulda made some plans with me
You knew that I was free
And now you won't stop calling me
I'm kinda busy
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
E-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
I'm busy e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Can call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Call all you want, but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Boy the way you blowing up my phone
Won't make me leave no faster
Put my coat on faster
Leave my girls no faster
I shoulda left my phone at home
'Cuz this is a disaster
Calling like a collector
Sorry, I cannot answer
Not that I don't like you
I'm just at a party
And I am sick and tired of my phone r-ringing
Sometimes I feel like I live in grand central station
Tonight I'm not takin' no calls
'Cuz I'll be dancin'
I'll be dancin'
I'll be dancin'
Tonight I'm not takin' no calls
Cuz I'll be dancin'
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
E-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
I'm busy e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Can call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
My telephone
Ma ma ma telephone
'Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
My telephone
Ma ma ma telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
(We're sorry, we're sorry
The number you have reached
Is not in service at this time
Please check the number, or try your call again)
I can't hear a thing
I have got no service
In the club, you say? say?
Wha-wha-what did you say huh?
You're breakin' up on me
Sorry I cannot hear you
I'm kinda busy
K-kinda busy
K-kinda busy
Sorry I cannot hear you I'm kinda busy
Just a second
It's my favorite song they're gonna play
And I cannot text you with a drink in my hand, eh?
You shoulda made some plans with me
You knew that I was free
And now you won't stop calling me
I'm kinda busy
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
E-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
I'm busy e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Can call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Call all you want, but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Boy the way you blowing up my phone
Won't make me leave no faster
Put my coat on faster
Leave my girls no faster
I shoulda left my phone at home
'Cuz this is a disaster
Calling like a collector
Sorry, I cannot answer
Not that I don't like you
I'm just at a party
And I am sick and tired of my phone r-ringing
Sometimes I feel like I live in grand central station
Tonight I'm not takin' no calls
'Cuz I'll be dancin'
I'll be dancin'
I'll be dancin'
Tonight I'm not takin' no calls
Cuz I'll be dancin'
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna think anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
Stop callin'
Stop callin'
I don't wanna talk anymore
I got my head and my heart on the dancefloor
E-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
I'm busy e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Stop telephonin'
Me-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
Can call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Call all you want but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
My telephone
Ma ma ma telephone
'Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
My telephone
Ma ma ma telephone
Cuz I'm out in the club
And I'm sippin that bubb
And you're not gonna reach my telephone
(We're sorry, we're sorry
The number you have reached
Is not in service at this time
Please check the number, or try your call again)
Rabu, 30 Maret 2011
artikel active and passive voice
When I returned home I dusted off old college grammar books, determined to study this thing called "passive voice." As I did, I discovered the workshop leader gave us excellent advice.
I found passive voice is easy to recognize and cut from my writing. I also learned removing it breathes life and flare into my work. Eliminating passive voice pares excessive words from the piece and causes the words to race along through action.
Passive voice almost always uses a form of the verb "to be." "To be" indicates an object "is"–it simply exists. There is no action, therefore the sentence is passive, or is said to be in "passive voice."
The forms of the verb "to be" are: is, are, was, were, am, be, been, and being. Forms of "to be" can also hide in contractions such as it’s, they’re, you’re, wasn’t, weren’t, and aren’t.
Passive voice dulls writing in three ways. First, action comes through the verbs, pushing the story onward and pulling the reader along. Passive verbs provide no action. No pushing. No pulling. So the action slows or stops.
Second, passive voice generally requires more words, which slow down the action. Just as a pot of simmering soup becomes more flavorful and potent as excess water boils off, so our writing becomes more intense and sharp as we "boil off" excess words. Flavorful, potent, intense, sharp writing is something readers like and editors love.
Third, passive voice obscures or omits the actor and therefore, is less direct and often vague or confusing. Active voice, on the other hand, is direct and dynamic.
To cut passive voice from your writing, start by identifying every occurrence of a passive verb in your manuscript. I check my work for passive voice as one of my final editing steps. If I’m working on a long work like a novel, I break it up into manageable pieces, such as doing one scene or chapter at a time.
If you’re working with a hard copy (on paper), use the list of "to be" verbs provided above and circle every form of the verb throughout your manuscript.
I found passive voice is easy to recognize and cut from my writing. I also learned removing it breathes life and flare into my work. Eliminating passive voice pares excessive words from the piece and causes the words to race along through action.
Passive voice almost always uses a form of the verb "to be." "To be" indicates an object "is"–it simply exists. There is no action, therefore the sentence is passive, or is said to be in "passive voice."
The forms of the verb "to be" are: is, are, was, were, am, be, been, and being. Forms of "to be" can also hide in contractions such as it’s, they’re, you’re, wasn’t, weren’t, and aren’t.
Passive voice dulls writing in three ways. First, action comes through the verbs, pushing the story onward and pulling the reader along. Passive verbs provide no action. No pushing. No pulling. So the action slows or stops.
Second, passive voice generally requires more words, which slow down the action. Just as a pot of simmering soup becomes more flavorful and potent as excess water boils off, so our writing becomes more intense and sharp as we "boil off" excess words. Flavorful, potent, intense, sharp writing is something readers like and editors love.
Third, passive voice obscures or omits the actor and therefore, is less direct and often vague or confusing. Active voice, on the other hand, is direct and dynamic.
To cut passive voice from your writing, start by identifying every occurrence of a passive verb in your manuscript. I check my work for passive voice as one of my final editing steps. If I’m working on a long work like a novel, I break it up into manageable pieces, such as doing one scene or chapter at a time.
If you’re working with a hard copy (on paper), use the list of "to be" verbs provided above and circle every form of the verb throughout your manuscript.
active and passive voice
Active Voice
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.Active Voice sering digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari.
Contoh :
• Ayumi eats takoyaki (Ayumi makan takoyaki)
• Takeshi meets Shizuka everyday
• She buys a book.
• They played football.
• He brings some books.
• We fertilize the soil every 6 months.
• He meets them everyday.
Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan oleh objek pekerjaan.Passive voice sering digunakan pada surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah, dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah.
Contoh :
• Takoyaki is eaten by Ayumi (Takoyaki dimakan Ayumi)
• Shizuka is met by Takeshi everyday
• A book is bought by her
• Football was played by them
• Some book are brought by him
• The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months.
• They are met by him everyday.
Rumus : Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Penggunaan kalimat pasif:
a. ‘By’ digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh: ‘Love addict’ was sung by Vamps
b. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: The streets are cleaned every day.
c. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: The police was murdered.
d. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: A new departement store is being built.
e. Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai
dengan tata bahasa.
Contoh: When she arrived home a police arrested her.Lebih baik :When she arrived home
she was arrested (by a police).
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.Active Voice sering digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari.
Contoh :
• Ayumi eats takoyaki (Ayumi makan takoyaki)
• Takeshi meets Shizuka everyday
• She buys a book.
• They played football.
• He brings some books.
• We fertilize the soil every 6 months.
• He meets them everyday.
Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan oleh objek pekerjaan.Passive voice sering digunakan pada surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah, dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah.
Contoh :
• Takoyaki is eaten by Ayumi (Takoyaki dimakan Ayumi)
• Shizuka is met by Takeshi everyday
• A book is bought by her
• Football was played by them
• Some book are brought by him
• The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months.
• They are met by him everyday.
Rumus : Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Penggunaan kalimat pasif:
a. ‘By’ digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh: ‘Love addict’ was sung by Vamps
b. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: The streets are cleaned every day.
c. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: The police was murdered.
d. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh: A new departement store is being built.
e. Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai
dengan tata bahasa.
Contoh: When she arrived home a police arrested her.Lebih baik :When she arrived home
she was arrested (by a police).
Kamis, 24 Februari 2011
Adverbial clause
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
a.definition
Adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, contains a subject (explicit or implied) and predicate, and modify the verb.
Example:
* I saw Joe when I go to the store. (The subject of explicit I)
* He sat calmly in order to appear polite. (The subject implied he)
According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function primarily as an additional means or disjuncts. In their functions as adverbial phrases, but their potential for greater assertiveness, they more often such as prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk, 1990):
Adverbial clause types:
time clauses when, before, after, since, while, like, during, until, etc.
time clauses when, before, after, since, while, like, during, until, etc.
*Adverb Clauses with Time
- When
- He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
- We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.
- Before
- We will finish before he arrives.
- She (had) left before I telephoned.
- After
- We will finish after he comes.
- She ate after I (had) left.
- While, as
- She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
- As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.
- By the time
- By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
- We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
F. Until, till
- We waited until he finished his homework.
- I'll wait till you finish.
G. Since
- I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
- They have worked here since 1987.
H. As soon as
- He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
- As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
I. Whenever, every time
- Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
- We take a hike every time he visits.
J. The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time
- The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
- I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
- The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.
Kinds of adverbial clauses
| kind of clause | common conjunctions | function | example |
| time clauses | when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc | These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. | Her father died when she was young. |
| conditional clauses | if, unless | These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences. | If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. |
| purpose clauses | in order to, so that, in order that | These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. | They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. |
| reason clauses | because, since, as, given | These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. | I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much. |
| result clauses | so..that | These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. | My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed. |
| concessive clauses | although, though, while | These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. | I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now |
| place clauses | where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?") | These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. | He said he was happy where he was. |
| clauses of manner | as, like, the way | These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done. | I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them. |
| clauses of exclamation | what a(an), how, such, so | Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!). | What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man! |
contoh adverbial clause
Romeo and Juliet's Romantic and Tragic Story"
In the town of Verona there lived two families, the Capulets and the Montagues. They engaged in a bitter feud. Among the Montagues was Romeo, a hot-blooded young man with an eye for the ladies. One day, Romeo attended the feast of the Capulets', a costume party where he expected to meet his love, Rosaline, a haughty beauty from a well-to-do family. Once there, however, Romeo's eyes felt upon Juliet, and he thought of Rosaline no more.
The vision of Juliet had been invading his every thought. Unable to sleep, Romeo returned late that night to the Juliet's bedroom window. There, he was surprised to find Juliet on the balcony, professing her love for him and wishing that he were not a "Montague", a name behind his own. "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Romeo was ready to deny his name and professed his love. The two agreed to meet at nine o-clock the next morning to be married.
Early the next morning, Romeo came to Friar Lawrence begging the friar to marry him to Juliet. The Friar performed the ceremony, praying that the union might someday put an end to the feud between the two families. He advised Romeo kept the marriage a secret for a time.
On the way home, Romeo chanced upon his friend Mercutio arguing with Tybalt, a member of the Capulet clan. That qurreling last caused Merquito died. Romeo was reluctant no longer. He drew his sword and slew Tybalt died. Romeo realized he had made a terrible mistake. Then Friar Lawrence advised Romeo to travel to Mantua until things cool down. He promised to inform Juliet.
In the other hand, Juliet's father had decided the time for her to marry with Paris. Juliet consulted Friar Lawrence and made a plot to take a sleeping potion for Juliet which would simulate death for three days. The plot proceeded according to the plan. Juliet was sleeping in death.
Unfortunately, The Friar's letter failed to reach Romeo. Under the cover of darkness, he broke into Juliet's tomb. Romeo kissed the lips of his Juliet one last time and drank the poison. Meanwhile, the effects of the sleeping potion wear off. Juliet woke up calling for Romeo. She found her love next to her but was lying dead, with a cup of poison in his hand. She tried to kiss the poison from his lips, but failed. Then Juliet put out his dagger and plunged it into her breast. She died
The vision of Juliet had been invading his every thought. Unable to sleep, Romeo returned late that night to the Juliet's bedroom window. There, he was surprised to find Juliet on the balcony, professing her love for him and wishing that he were not a "Montague", a name behind his own. "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Romeo was ready to deny his name and professed his love. The two agreed to meet at nine o-clock the next morning to be married.
Early the next morning, Romeo came to Friar Lawrence begging the friar to marry him to Juliet. The Friar performed the ceremony, praying that the union might someday put an end to the feud between the two families. He advised Romeo kept the marriage a secret for a time.
On the way home, Romeo chanced upon his friend Mercutio arguing with Tybalt, a member of the Capulet clan. That qurreling last caused Merquito died. Romeo was reluctant no longer. He drew his sword and slew Tybalt died. Romeo realized he had made a terrible mistake. Then Friar Lawrence advised Romeo to travel to Mantua until things cool down. He promised to inform Juliet.
In the other hand, Juliet's father had decided the time for her to marry with Paris. Juliet consulted Friar Lawrence and made a plot to take a sleeping potion for Juliet which would simulate death for three days. The plot proceeded according to the plan. Juliet was sleeping in death.
Unfortunately, The Friar's letter failed to reach Romeo. Under the cover of darkness, he broke into Juliet's tomb. Romeo kissed the lips of his Juliet one last time and drank the poison. Meanwhile, the effects of the sleeping potion wear off. Juliet woke up calling for Romeo. She found her love next to her but was lying dead, with a cup of poison in his hand. She tried to kiss the poison from his lips, but failed. Then Juliet put out his dagger and plunged it into her breast. She died
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